Spain's rental market is governed by the LAU (Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos), reinforced by the 2023 Ley de Vivienda. Residential leases carry mandatory renewal rights of up to 5 years (individual landlords) or 7 years (corporate/large landlords), during which the landlord generally cannot terminate except on defined grounds. Letting agency fees may no longer be charged to tenants — they are now the landlord's responsibility. In designated Zonas Tensionadas (stressed market areas declared by regional governments), rent increases on renewal are capped and reference to the official Índice de Referencia de Precios del Alquiler (Rental Reference Index) is required for new leases in some cases. Security deposits (fianza) are capped at 1 month's rent by law, though landlords commonly request up to 2 additional months as a supplementary guarantee.