Spain operates the second-largest high-speed rail network in the world (after China) via Renfe's AVE service, connecting over 10 major cities at speeds up to 310 km/h; the flagship Madrid-Barcelona line (621 km) covers the route in 2h30m and the network carried a record 43.8 million passengers in 2025. Madrid's hub stations are Puerta de Atocha and Chamartín; Barcelona's is Barcelona Sants. Major cities also run extensive metro/urban transit networks (Madrid Metro, Barcelona Metro/TMB), generally reliable and affordable relative to Western European peers. Renfe also operates Avlo, a low-cost high-speed service, alongside regional (Media Distancia) and commuter (Cercanías) rail.