CIRBE (Central de Información de Riesgos del Banco de España) tracks all major institutional loans, credit lines, and mortgages nationwide. ASNEF and Badexcug are private delinquency registries — defaulting on a utility/telecom bill for over 90 days can get a person logged into ASNEF, blocking future mobile contracts, rentals, or financing. Under Royal Decree 253/2025 (effective January 1, 2026), Payment Service Providers, EMIs, and banks (including cross-border passported entities) must file Modelo 196 monthly (full identity data for account owners/beneficiaries and monthly asset values), and Modelo 170 monthly with the historical €3,000 threshold fully removed, mapping all POS/mobile merchant transactions. All lenders must report credit facilities with an outstanding balance over €6,000 as of December 31 annually.