Business

Monaco — Business: Sole Trader

A Sole Trader (Activité en nom personnel) is the simplest form of business structure in Monaco, allowing a single individual to carry out commercial, craft, or liberal professions. This structure does not create a separate legal entity; thus, there is no separation between the business assets and the entrepreneur's personal assets. The sole trader is indefinitely and personally liable for all business debts with their entire personal estate. Foreign nationals wishing to register as sole traders must apply for personal authorization from the Minister of State and obtain a professional card (carte professionnelle).

Gouvernement de Monaco - MonEntreprise · Last verified 2026-07-17

Key Facts

  • The sole trader structure does not possess a separate legal personality from the individual.
  • The owner is personally and fully liable for all business liabilities and debts.
  • There is no statutory minimum capital requirement to establish a sole trader business.
  • Foreigners must obtain personal approval from the Minister of State to operate.
  • The business must be registered under the trader's name, but can use a distinct trading name.
  • Profits are subject to the standard Monaco Business Profit Tax (IBS) rules if generated externally.
  • The activity must be registered with the Trade and Industry Directory (RCI).

Related Topics

company-formationlimited-company
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