Spain's Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is tailored strictly for retirees, self-sufficient individuals, and passive investors, explicitly prohibiting any remote or local professional work in Spain. Under recently reinstated criteria, NLV holders must remain physically present in Spain for at least 183 days/year to qualify for renewal — which directly triggers Spanish tax residency on worldwide income. 2026 financial thresholds are calculated via IPREM: the main applicant needs 400% of IPREM monthly (~€2,400/month, ~€28,800/year), plus 100% of IPREM (~€600/month, ~€7,200/year) per accompanying family member, provable via passive income only (pensions, annuities, dividends, rental yields) or equivalent liquid capital. Applicants need comprehensive private health insurance with zero co-payments/deductibles, and an apostilled criminal record certificate covering the past 5 years with a sworn Spanish translation.