Annual IBI (Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles) is a municipal property tax on cadastral value, ranging 0.4-1.1% for urban properties, set independently by each town hall; under the Ley de Vivienda, town halls may apply a vacancy surcharge of up to 150% of the base IBI on homes empty 2+ years without justification. Non-residents owning Spanish property that isn't rented or their primary residence pay imputed income tax (Modelo 210) on a notional rental base of 1.1% (if cadastral value revised within the last 10 years) or 2.0% of cadastral value, taxed flat at 19% (EU/EEA) or 24% (non-EU) — note: some sources express this combined effect as an approximate 1.9%/2.4% effective annual charge on cadastral value; this has not been fully reconciled against the 1.1%/2.0% base × 19%/24% rate figures above and should be verified against a regional tax advisor before relying on either framing. On acquisition, resale properties incur ITPO (Property Transfer Tax), which is regional: Madrid applies a flat 6%, Catalonia and Andalucía use a progressive 7-10% scale, and Valencia is set to reduce its rate to 9% for properties up to €1M from 1 June 2026 (previously up to 10%); ITPO is calculated on the higher of purchase price or official reference value. New-build properties are ITPO-exempt but subject to 10% VAT (4% for subsidized housing) plus Stamp Duty (AJD) of 0.5-1.5% regionally.