Spanish companies must prepare annual accounts (cuentas anuales) — Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Account, and Statement of Changes in Equity — under the Plan General de Contabilidad (PGC), Spain's national GAAP framework; larger or listed groups may instead use adapted IFRS. Directors must prepare and sign the accounts within 3 months of the financial year-end (31 March for a calendar-year company); shareholders must approve them at the Annual General Meeting within 6 months of year-end; and the approved accounts must be filed with the Registro Mercantil within 1 month of approval, with an ultimate deadline of 30 July for calendar-year companies. Missing this timeline can trigger administrative penalties and closure of the company's registry page, blocking any further corporate filings (director changes, capital increases, etc.) until remedied.