Due to its unique status as a tax-free jurisdiction for individuals, Monaco has a limited network of comprehensive double taxation agreements (DTAs) compared to other sovereign nations. Historically, the key pillars of Monaco's international tax relations are its bilateral treaties with France, which date back to 1950 and 1963 and govern income, inheritance, and customs regulations. To align with global transparency initiatives and escape tax haven blacklists, the Principality has prioritized signing Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) rather than DTAs, establishing a cooperative framework for sharing financial data with foreign jurisdictions.