Monaco is globally unique for imposing no ongoing annual property taxes, council taxes, or housing taxes (taxe d'habitation) on residential real estate. While ownership costs are exceptionally low, the upfront friction costs during acquisition are substantial. Buyers of resale properties must pay a proportional registration duty (droit d'enregistrement) alongside notary fees, which are determined by the legal structure of the purchasing party. Purchases made by individuals or transparent Monegasque civil companies (SCIs) are heavily favored, whereas acquisitions through offshore or non-transparent corporate entities are penalized with higher tax rates.